The SQUARE function in SQL returns the square of a given number, i.e., the number multiplied by itself.

? Syntax

SQUARE(numeric_expression)

• numeric_expression: Any valid numeric type (int, float, decimal, etc.)

? Return Value

• Returns the square of the input number.

• Output is typically a float or numeric depending on the input.

? Basic Examples

SELECT SQUARE(5) AS SquareOf5;     -- Returns 25SELECT SQUARE(-3.2) AS SquareOfNeg;-- Returns 10.24SELECT SQUARE(0) AS SquareOfZero;  -- Returns 0

? Use Cases

• Mathematical calculations (e.g., variance, physics formulas).

• Distance calculations using the Pythagorean theorem:

  SELECT SQRT(SQUARE(x2 - x1) + SQUARE(y2 - y1)) AS Distance;

• Data analysis involving standard deviation or trends.

?? Notes

• SQUARE is not the same as POWER(number, 2) but achieves the same result and is more efficient for squaring.

• If input is NULL, output is also NULL.

? Bonus Example with Table Values

SELECT     Value,    SQUARE(Value) AS SquareValueFROM (    VALUES (1), (2), (3), (-4), (0)) AS SampleData(Value);

Let me know if you'd like help using SQUARE in formulas like standard deviation, energy equations, or financial models.