? Built-in Functions in Python

Python provides many built-in functions that perform common operations like mathematical calculations, type conversions, input/output handling, and more.

? Categories of Built-in Functions

1?? Mathematical Functions

print(abs(-10))        # 10 (Absolute value)print(pow(2, 3))       # 8 (2^3)print(round(3.14159, 2))  # 3.14 (Round to 2 decimals)print(max(10, 20, 5))  # 20 (Find max)print(min(10, 20, 5))  # 5 (Find min)

2?? Type Conversion Functions

print(int(3.9))    # 3 (Convert float to int)print(float(5))    # 5.0 (Convert int to float)print(str(100))    # "100" (Convert int to string)print(list("abc")) # ['a', 'b', 'c'] (Convert string to list)print(tuple([1, 2, 3]))  # (1, 2, 3) (Convert list to tuple)

3?? String Handling Functions

s = "hello world"print(len(s))        # 11 (String length)print(s.upper())     # "HELLO WORLD" (Convert to uppercase)print(s.lower())     # "hello world" (Convert to lowercase)print(s.replace("hello", "hi"))  # "hi world" (Replace word)print(s.split())     # ['hello', 'world'] (Split string into list)

4?? Input/Output Functions

# Take user inputname = input("Enter your name: ")  # Print outputprint("Hello,", name)# Print multiple valuesprint("Age:", 25, "Height:", 5.8, sep=", ")

5?? Data Structure Functions

numbers = [3, 1, 4, 1, 5]print(sorted(numbers))  # [1, 1, 3, 4, 5] (Sort list)print(sum(numbers))     # 14 (Sum of list)print(any([False, True, False]))  # True (Check if any value is True)print(all([True, True, False]))   # False (Check if all values are True)

6?? Object and Variable Handling

x = 10print(type(x))  # <class 'int'> (Get type)print(id(x))    # Get memory address

7?? Functional Programming Functions

nums = [1, 2, 3, 4]# Apply function to each elementprint(list(map(lambda x: x * 2, nums)))  # [2, 4, 6, 8]# Filter values based on conditionprint(list(filter(lambda x: x > 2, nums)))  # [3, 4]

? Summary

Python provides over 70 built-in functions, making programming easier and more efficient.

? Commonly Used Ones:

• print(), input(), len(), max(), min(), sum()

• str(), int(), float(), list(), tuple()

• map(), filter(), sorted(), zip()

Do you need examples for a specific function? ?