if-else in Java

The if-else statement in Java is used to perform a decision-making operation. It allows you to execute a block of code if a specified condition is true, and a different block of code if the condition is false.

Syntax:

if (condition) {    // block of code if condition is true} else {    // block of code if condition is false}

Explanation:

1. if condition: The if statement evaluates the boolean condition. If it evaluates to true, the block of code inside the if statement is executed.

2. else block: If the condition evaluates to false, the block of code inside the else is executed.

Example 1: Simple if-else Statement

public class IfElseExample {    public static void main(String[] args) {        int number = 10;        if (number > 0) {            System.out.println("The number is positive.");        } else {            System.out.println("The number is not positive.");        }    }}

Output:

The number is positive.

Example 2: if-else with else if

You can use else if to test multiple conditions.

public class IfElseIfExample {    public static void main(String[] args) {        int number = 0;        if (number > 0) {            System.out.println("The number is positive.");        } else if (number < 0) {            System.out.println("The number is negative.");        } else {            System.out.println("The number is zero.");        }    }}

Output:

The number is zero.

Example 3: Nested if-else

You can also nest if-else statements inside one another.

public class NestedIfElseExample {    public static void main(String[] args) {        int number = 5;        if (number != 0) {            if (number > 0) {                System.out.println("The number is positive.");            } else {                System.out.println("The number is negative.");            }        } else {            System.out.println("The number is zero.");        }    }}

Output:

The number is positive.

Ternary Operator (Shorter Version of if-else)

Java provides a shorthand version of if-else known as the ternary operator. It's used when you want to assign a value based on a condition.

Syntax:

variable = (condition) ? value_if_true : value_if_false;

Example:

public class TernaryOperatorExample {    public static void main(String[] args) {        int number = 10;        String result = (number > 0) ? "Positive" : "Negative or Zero";        System.out.println(result);    }}

Output:

Positive

Key Points to Remember:

• if evaluates the condition. If it’s true, the associated block of code is executed.

• else if allows you to test additional conditions if the previous ones are false.

• else is executed if none of the if or else if conditions are true.

• Use the ternary operator for simpler conditional assignments.

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